Thermal Cracking: Uses intense heat to break down the heaviest hydrocarbon molecules into smaller ones.There are three cracking processes that are used in petroleum refineries. The typical Crude oil distillation cuts are presented in Table 1 below:Ĭracking during the crude oil refining process is a very important process where heavy hydrocarbon molecules from the crude oil are broken down into lighter shorter molecules. Different boiling-point cuts of different hydrocarbons allow them to be separated out in a single distillation process. This separation occurs at different temperatures at different height levels and is collected through the trays. As temperature decreases when gas rises through the tower, certain hydrocarbon components condenses once one component cools below its boiling point. The boiled crude oil (liquid/gas mixture) at the bottom of the distillation column creates its vapor which rises through the vertical column passing through the holes in the distillation trays. So, temperature decreases as the height of the fractionation column increases. A reboiler supplies heat at the bottom of the distillation column and the top is cooled by an overhead condenser. The lower boiling, high volatile hydrocarbons are separated at the top of the column while less volatile, higher boiling products are separated towards the bottom of the column. A temperature gradient is maintained throughout the height of the column. This same principle is used to separate different compounds from crude oil inside the fractionation distillation column. The main principle of distillation is to vaporize a liquid by heating it at its boiling point and then recondensing and collecting. It is then heated to a temperature of about 400 0C in a crude oil heater and then routed to the Crude Distillation Unit or CDU. The crude oil from the storage tanks is processed through desalters to remove the excess salt. The first process in the crude oil refining process steps is the distillation process inside a fractionation distillation column. Blending Crude Oil Distillation Process in Petroleum Refining.The basic crude oil refining process steps involved in all petroleum refining for the production of usable products are This petroleum refining is a very complex process and requires highly expensive industrial facilities. The crude oil refining process breaks the crude oil down into various components to make useful new products. Online Courses on Petroleum Refining How is Petroleum Refined? | What are the stages of oil refining?Ĭrude oil or petroleum consists of various hydrocarbons.Products from Crude Oil Refining Process.Petroleum Blending Process in Crude Oil Refining.Conversion Processes in Crude Oil Refining.Crude Oil Distillation Process in Petroleum Refining.How is Petroleum Refined? | What are the stages of oil refining?.
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